{"id":18014,"date":"2025-01-14T15:58:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-14T15:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/divi5.irshare.eu\/la-cour-de-justice-va-t-elle-annuler-la-directive-salaire-minimum\/"},"modified":"2026-05-19T11:16:03","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T11:16:03","slug":"la-cour-de-justice-va-t-elle-annuler-la-directive-salaire-minimum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/irshare.eu\/fr\/la-cour-de-justice-va-t-elle-annuler-la-directive-salaire-minimum\/","title":{"rendered":"La Cour de justice va-t-elle annuler la directive \u00ab salaire minimum \u00bb ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>La mesure \u00ab sociale \u00bb phare de la Commission von der Leyen I va-t-elle \u00eatre ray\u00e9e de la carte par une d\u00e9cision de justice ? Cela risque d\u2019arriver d\u2019ici quelques mois si la <strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Cour de justice<\/span><\/strong> suit les conclusions de son avocat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, rendues le 14 janvier, dans l\u2019affaire opposant le Danemark au Parlement europ\u00e9en et au Conseil de l\u2019UE concernant la <a href=\"https:\/\/irshare.eu\/eu-directive-2022-2041-of-19-october-2022-on-adequate-minimum-wages-in-the-european-union\/\">directive 2022\/2041 du 19 octobre 2022 relative \u00e0 des salaires minimaux ad\u00e9quats dans l\u2019UE<\/a>. Le risque d\u2019annulation est connu depuis la gen\u00e8se de cette directive.<br \/>Au fond le probl\u00e8me juridique est assez simple. Les domaines pour lesquels l\u2019UE a comp\u00e9tence de l\u00e9gif\u00e9rer sont d\u00e9finis dans le Trait\u00e9 sur le fonctionnement de l\u2019UE (TFUE). En mati\u00e8re sociale, ils sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019article 153 paragraphe 1 : elle peut par exemple agir pour \u00ab prot\u00e9ger la sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des travailleurs \u00bb, \u00ab am\u00e9liorer les conditions de travail \u00bb ou encore prot\u00e9ger les \u00ab travailleurs en cas de r\u00e9siliation du contrat de travail \u00bb. Sur cette base juridique, elle peut faire adopter des directives qui imposeront des prescriptions minimales aux \u00c9tats membres. En revanche, la comp\u00e9tence de l\u2019UE, pr\u00e9cise l\u2019article 153 paragraphe 5, ne s\u2019\u00e9tend \u00ab ni aux r\u00e9mun\u00e9rations, ni au droit d'association, ni au droit de gr\u00e8ve, ni au droit de lock-out \u00bb. C\u2019est pour cette raison qu\u2019il n\u2019y a aucune directive pour encadrer le droit de gr\u00e8ve ou indiquer comment doit \u00eatre men\u00e9e une n\u00e9gociation collective.<br \/>D\u00e8s lors, comment justifier l\u2019adoption de cette directive qui porte sur le salaire minimum qu\u2019elle-m\u00eame d\u00e9finit comme \u00ab une r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration minimale \u00bb (art. 3 \u00a7 1 de la directive) ? La d\u00e9marche du l\u00e9gislateur europ\u00e9en a \u00e9t\u00e9 de choisir comme base juridique l\u2019article 153 paragraphe 1 b, donnant pour but \u00e0 la directive d\u2019\u00ab am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie et de travail dans l\u2019Union, en particulier le caract\u00e8re ad\u00e9quat des salaires minimaux pour les travailleurs, dans l\u2019objectif de contribuer \u00e0 la convergence sociale vers le haut et de r\u00e9duire les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s salariales \u00bb (v. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurofound.europa.eu\/en\/european-industrial-relations-dictionary\/working-conditions\">Working conditions<\/a>). Comme le rel\u00e8ve l\u2019avocat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, le l\u00e9gislateur, dans le texte m\u00eame de la directive, a pris de multiples pr\u00e9cautions indiquant que le texte \u00ab ne vise ni \u00e0 harmoniser le niveau des salaires minimaux dans l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019Union, ni \u00e0 \u00e9tablir un m\u00e9canisme uniforme de fixation des salaires minimaux \u00bb. Autant de formules, souligne le magistrat, qui montrent que le l\u00e9gislateur \u00ab savait qu\u2019il s\u2019avan\u00e7ait sur un terrain dangereux \u00bb. Ce risque de glissement hors du domaine de comp\u00e9tence de l\u2019UE est d\u2019autant plus sensible que l\u2019autre objectif de la directive est de promouvoir la n\u00e9gociation collective, elle-m\u00eame mati\u00e8re exclue, du fait de l\u2019interdiction faite \u00e0 l\u2019UE d\u2019intervenir en mati\u00e8re de \u00ab droit d\u2019association \u00bb dont d\u00e9coule le droit \u00e0 la n\u00e9gociation collective. En conclusion, il consid\u00e8re que, comme la directive a pour objet de \u00ab r\u00e9glementer les r\u00e9mun\u00e9rations \u00bb, elle \u00ab comporte donc une ing\u00e9rence directe dans les r\u00e9mun\u00e9rations vis\u00e9es par l\u2019exception pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l\u2019article 153, paragraphe 5, TFUE \u00bb. Par cons\u00e9quent, le l\u00e9gislateur \u00ab n\u2019\u00e9tait pas comp\u00e9tent pour adopter cet instrument, de sorte qu\u2019il a agi en violation du principe d\u2019attribution \u00e9tabli \u00e0 l\u2019article 5, paragraphe 2, TFUE \u00bb. Ce constat devrait conduire \u00ab la Cour \u00e0 conclure \u00e0 l\u2019annulation int\u00e9grale de la directive \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Ce qui ravit la ministre danoise de l'Emploi, Ane Halsboe-J\u00f8rgensen, qui estimait que l\u2019UE \u00e9tait all\u00e9e sur un \u00ab terrain glissant \u00bb, et avait demand\u00e9 son annulation devant la Cour de justice trois mois apr\u00e8s son adoption, recevant d\u00e8s le lendemain le soutien de la Su\u00e8de. Elle dit d\u00e9sormais attendre \u00ab le verdict final de la Cour de Justice, mais pour utiliser une m\u00e9taphore du football, nous abordons la mi-temps avec une avance de 3-0 \u00bb (v. <a href=\"https:\/\/bm.dk\/nyheder\/pressemeddelelser\/2025\/01\/vigtigt-skridt-i-danmarks-kamp-for-ophaevelse-af-eu-s-mindsteloensdirektiv\">communiqu\u00e9<\/a>). La position intransigeante des Danois refl\u00e8te l\u2019opposition d\u2019une partie des syndicats nordiques \u00e0 cette directive qu\u2019ils consid\u00e8rent comme une ing\u00e9rence directe dans le domaine r\u00e9serv\u00e9 des partenaires sociaux : la fixation des salaires et la n\u00e9gociation collective. De plus, elle ravive les plaies laiss\u00e9es par l\u2019arr\u00eat de la Cour de justice dans l\u2019affaire<a href=\"https:\/\/irshare.eu\/cjeu-18-december-2007-case-341-05-laval-un-partneri-ltd\/\"> Laval un Partneri<\/a> en 2007 (v. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurofound.europa.eu\/en\/european-industrial-relations-dictionary\/laval-case\">Laval case<\/a>), qui estimait qu\u2019un syndicat su\u00e9dois ne pouvait bloquer un chantier de construction pour contraindre \u00ab un prestataire de services \u00e9tabli dans un autre \u00c9tat membre \u00e0 entamer avec elle une n\u00e9gociation sur les taux de salaire devant \u00eatre vers\u00e9s aux travailleurs d\u00e9tach\u00e9s ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 adh\u00e9rer \u00e0 une convention collective \u00bb. Cette crainte d\u2019une ing\u00e9rence de l\u2019UE dans le mod\u00e8le social nordique a m\u00eame failli provoquer le d\u00e9part de plusieurs syndicats nordiques de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration europ\u00e9enne des syndicats (CES), dont l\u2019ex-pr\u00e9sident Laurent Berger voyait en l\u2019adoption de cette directive \u00ab une victoire \u00bb et \u00ab une bonne nouvelle pour les travailleurs europ\u00e9ens \u00bb. Pour la CES, l\u2019avis de l\u2019avocat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral est une douche froide (v. Actualit\u00e9 sociale). Il appartient maintenant \u00e0 la Cour de justice de se prononcer en droit, si le l\u00e9gislateur a oui ou non tordu le nez au Trait\u00e9. Et la r\u00e9ponse risque d\u2019\u00eatre douloureuse.       <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":18007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[620],"tags":[641,616],"post_country":[640,627],"post_doc_language":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-18014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ir-notes-fr","tag-cour-de-justice-de-lunion-europeenne","tag-salaire-minimum","post_country-danemark","post_country-union-europeenne"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La Cour de justice va-t-elle annuler la directive \u00ab salaire minimum \u00bb ? - IR Share<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/irshare.eu\/fr\/la-cour-de-justice-va-t-elle-annuler-la-directive-salaire-minimum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Cour de justice va-t-elle annuler la directive \u00ab salaire minimum \u00bb ? 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